The Mekong River Delta, the heart of Vietnam’s aquaculture industry, is facing many challenges due to climate change, particularly salinity intrusion. In this context, this review aimed to assess the potential of indigenous euryhaline catfish species to diversify fish farming, strengthen food security, and build resilience in the region. Among the 1219 fish species recorded in the Lower Mekong Basin, 176 belong to the order siluriformes. Using a selection framework based on biological, ecological, market demand, and Aquaculture Readiness Levels criteria, 18 euryhaline catfish species were selected and analysed, with Pangasius krempfi, Pangasius mekongensis, Mystus gulio, and Plotosus canius emerging as the most promising candidates. These selected species are currently in the early phases of domestication and face key challenges. Of the four species, P. krempfi and P. mekongensis show high market value but are hindered by unreliable seed supply and significant knowledge gaps in breeding and other farming protocols. M. gulio appears as a promising candidate with already established reproduction techniques, though improvements in grow-out practices are required, while P. canius requires further research on artificial breeding and feeding optimization. For future developments, it is crucial to establish standardized hatchery protocols, broodstock management, improved farming practices, and species-specific formulated feeds. Additionally, as native species are locally consumed, implementing market-driven strategies is essential to increase profitability and ensure long-term sustainability
